Exclusive: System Engineering

Review on intelligent complex system of systems research

  • LÜ Chunpu, WANG Huangang, ZHANG Tao, JIANG Wenlan
Expand
  • Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received date: 2020-03-21

  Revised date: 2020-07-04

  Online published: 2020-11-17

Abstract

With the development of artificial intelligence, more and more complex and intelligent systems appear constantly. Traditional theories and methods of system science and system engineering are no longer suitable for the need of the situation. System of systems(SoS) has thus come into being. This paper reviews the concepts and characteristics of SoS, introduces its history and current research status, and argues that the research focus in this field should be intelligent complex system of systems(ICSoS) with higher complexity and intelligence. The paper also describes the concept, characteristic, modelling, emergence and application around ICSoS. On this basis, this paper suggests that future research directions should focus on modeling, intelligent emergence and pinning control of ICSoS.

Cite this article

LÜ Chunpu, WANG Huangang, ZHANG Tao, JIANG Wenlan . Review on intelligent complex system of systems research[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2020 , 38(21) : 27 -37 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.21.003

References

[1] Berry B J L. Cities as systems within systems of cities[J]. Papers of regional sciences association, 1964, 13:147-163.
[2] Boardman J, Sauser B. System of systems-the meaning of of[C]//2006 IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering. Los Angeles, CA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2006:119-123.
[3] 顾基发. 系统工程新发展——体系[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(20):10-19.
[4] 阳东升, 张维明, 刘忠, 等. 信息时代的体系概念与定义[J]. 国防科技, 2009, 30(3):18-26.
[5] Keating C, Rogers R, Unal R, et al. System of systems engineering[J]. Engineering Management Journal, 2003, 15(3):36-45.
[6] Maier M W. Architecting principles for systems-of-systems[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 1996, 6:267-284.
[7] Kotov V. Systems-of-systems as communicating structures[J]. Hewlett Packard Computer Systems Laboratory Paper HPL-97-124, 1997:1-15.
[8] Pei R S. Systems-of-systems integration (SoSI)-a smart way of acquiring army C4I2WS systems[C]//Proceedings of the Summer Computer Simulation Conference. Ottawa Ontario Canada:Society for Computer Simulation International, 2000:574-579.
[9] Delaurentis D, Callaway R K. A system-of-systems perspective for public policy decisions[J]. Review of Policy Research, 2004, 21(6):829-837.
[10] Delaurentis D. Understanding transportation as a systemof-systems design problem[C]//43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc, 2005.
[11] Dagli C, Kilicay N. Understanding behavior of system of systems through computational intelligence techniques[C]//20071st Annual IEEE Systems Conference. Honolulu, HI:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2007:1-7.
[12] Gorod A, Sauser B, Boardman J. System-of-systems engineering management:a review of modern history and a path forward[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2008, 2(4):484-499.
[13] Axelsson J, Nylander S. An analysis of systems-of-systems opportunities and challenges related to mobility in smart cities[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:132-137.
[14] Hershey P C, Rao S, Silio C B, et al. System of systems for quality-of-service observation and response in cloud computing environments[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2015, 9(1):212-222.
[15] Teixeira P G, Lopes V H L, Santos R P, et al. The status quo of systems-of-information systems[C]//2019 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Systems-of-Systems (SESoS) and 13th Workshop on Distributed Software Development, Software Ecosystems and Systems-of-Systems (WDES), Montreal, QC, Canada:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:34-41.
[16] Borth M, Verriet J, Muller G. Digital twin strategies for SoS 4 challenges and 4 architecture setups for digital twins of SoS[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:164-169.
[17] Randall R G, Heffner M. Medicaid IT as a system of systems[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:254-259.
[18] 李杨, 徐峰, 谢光强, 等. 多智能体技术发展及其应用综述[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2018, 54(9):13-21.
[19] 王翠君, 王红. 复杂网络的研究进展综述[J]. 科技信息(科学教研), 2007, 31:419-420.
[20] 王子才. 仿真科学的发展及形成[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2005, 17(6):1279-1281.
[21] Hallo L, Payne B, Gorod A. Model-based approach to system of systems engineering:reevaluating the role of simulation[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:266-271.
[22] Soyez J B, Morvan G, Merzouki R, et al. Multilevel agent-based modeling of system of systems[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2017, 11(4):2084-2095.
[23] Lanier B, Petnga L. Spatial functions for modeling and analysis of safety-critical systems of systems[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:352-357.
[24] Baldwin W C, Sauser B. Modeling the characteristics of system of systems[C]//2009 IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), Albuquerque, NM:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2009:1-6.
[25] Adams C, Giachetti R. Agent modeling to support allocation decisions in mobile cyber-physical systems[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:57-62.
[26] Ge B, Hipel K W, Yang K, et al. A novel executable modeling approach for system-of-systems architecture[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2014, 8(1):4-13.
[27] Harrison W K. The role of graph theory in system of systems engineering[J]. IEEE Access, 2016, 4:1716-1742.
[28] 张国宁, 黄湘远. 神经网络在复杂系统建模中的应用[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(12):66-70.
[29] Khayal I. Modeling a community as a system of systems:a methodology for data integration[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:387-391.
[30] Eichmann O C, Melzer S, God R. Model-based development of a system of systems using unified architecture framework (UAF):a case study[C]//2019 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), Orlando, FL, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:1-8.
[31] Kerr C, Jaradat R, Hossain N U I. Battlefield mapping by an unmanned aerial vehicle swarm:applied systems engineering processes and architectural considerations from system of systems[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8:20892-20903.
[32] Kernstine K H. Inadequacies of traditional exploration methods in systems-of-systems simulations[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2013, 7(4):528-536.
[33] 张维明, 刘俊先, 陈涛, 等. 一种复杂体系架构设计新范式[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(20):27-31.
[34] Mihret B Z, Jee E, Baek Y, et al. A collaboration policy model for system of systems[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:1-8.
[35] Wrigley J C. Behaviour modelling in the design of systems of systems[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:163-168.
[36] Okami S, Kohtake N. Transitional complexity of health information system of systems:managing by the engineering systems multiple-domain modeling approach[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2019, 13(1):952-963.
[37] Petnga L, Gasque T. Capability-driven formulation of system of systems core competencies[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:119-124.
[38] Ashiku L, Dagli C. Cybersecurity as a centralized directed system of systems using SoS explorer as a tool[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:140-145.
[39] Muller G, Falk K, Syverud E. Systems of systems architecting and integration; visualizing dynamic behavior and qualities[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:376-381.
[40] Mohsin A, Janjua N K, Islam S M S, et al. Modeling approaches for system-of-systems dynamic architecture:overview, taxonomy and future prospects[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:49-56.
[41] 魏巍, 郭和平. 关于系统"整体涌现性" 的研究综述[J]. 系统科学学报, 2010, 18(1):24-28.
[42] Giammarco K. Practical modeling concepts for engineering emergence in systems of systems[C]//2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE). Waikoloa, HI:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2017:1-6.
[43] Cherfa I, Sadou S, Belloir N, et al. Involving the application domain expert in the construction of systems of systems[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:335-342.
[44] Oquendo F. On the emergent behavior oxymoron of system-of-systems architecture description[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:417-424.
[45] Langford G, Langford T. The making of a system of systems:ontology reveals the true nature of emergence[C]//2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE). Waikoloa, HI:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2017:1-5.
[46] McDermott T, Nadolski M. Emergence as innovation in systems of systems-a three systems model[C]//2017 12th System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE). Waikoloa, HI:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2017:1-6.
[47] McDermott T. Applying systems-of-Systems principles to purposeful design of human systems[C]//2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Paris:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2018:150-156.
[48] 夏昊翔, 王众托. 从系统视角对智慧城市的若干思考[J]. 中国软科学, 2017, 7:66-80.
[49] Zheng Y, Capra L, Wolfson O, et al. Urban computing:concepts, methodologies, and applications[J]. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems & Technology, 2014, 5(3):1-55.
[50] Zheng Y, Liu F, Hsieh H P. U-Air:when urban air quality inference meets big data[C]//Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Chicago Illinois:Association for Computing Machinery, 2013:1436-1444.
[51] Yuan J, Zheng Y, Xie X. Discovering regions of different functions in a city using human mobility and POIs[C]//Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Beijing China:Association for Computing Machinery, 2012:186-194.
[52] Yuan J, Zheng Y, Zhang C, et al. T-drive:driving directions based on taxi trajectories[C]//Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. San Jose California:Association for Computing Machinery, 2010:99-108.
[53] Wang Y, Zheng Y, Liu T. A noise map of New York City[C]//Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. Seattle Washington:Association for Computing Machinery, 2014:275-278.
[54] Gandhi S. R, Gheewala J. A survey on recommendation system with collaborative filtering using big data[C]//2017 International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications(ICIMIA). Bangalore:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2017:457-460.
[55] Karamshuk D, Noulas A, Scellato S, et al. Geo-spotting:mining online location-based services for optimal retail store placement[C]//Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Chicago Illinois:Association for Computing Machinery, 2013:793-801.
[56] Xuan S, Zhang Q, Sekimoto Y, et al. Modeling and probabilistic reasoning of population evacuation during largescale disaster[C]//Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Chicago Illinois:Association for Computing Machinery, 2013:1231-1239.
[57] Wang J, Chao C, Wu J, et al. No longer sleeping with a bomb:a duet system for protecting urban safety from dangerous goods[C]//Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Halifax NS Canada:Association for Computing Machinery, 2017:1673-1681.
[58] Lee O L, Tay R I, Too S T, et al. A smart city transportation system of systems governance framework:a case study of Singapore[C]//2019 14th Annual Conference System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). Anchorage, AK, USA:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 2019:37-42.
[59] Wang T, Zhou X, Wang W, et al. An optimal approach for combat system-of-systems architecture search under uncertainty[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7:119140-119150.
[60] Dou Y, Zhou Z, Zhao D, et al. Weapons system portfolio selection based on the contribution rate evaluation of system of systems[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 30(5):905-919.
[61] 蒋文兰, 吕淳朴, 王焕钢. 基于多源异构数据融合的半监督城市空气质量预测[C]//2018中国自动化大会(CAC2018)论文集. 西安:中国学术期刊电子出版社, 2018:235-241.
[62] 窦珊, 张广宇, 熊智华, 等. 基于多源数据融合的化工园区危险态势感知[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(2):460-466.
Outlines

/