[1] Nesset D. NG-PON2 technology and standards[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(5):1136-1143.
[2] Cvijetic N, Cvijetic M, Huang M F, et al. Terabit optical access net-works based on WDM-OFDMA-PON[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technolo-gy, 2012, 30(4):493-503.
[3] Morosi J, Hoxha J, Martelli P, et al. 25 Gbit/s per user coherent all-op-tical OFDM for Tbit/s-capable PONs[J]. Journal of Optical Communica-tions and Networking, 2016, 8(4):190-195.
[4] Horvath T, Malina L, Munster P. On security in Gigabit passive optical networks[C]//International Workshop on Fiber Optics in Access Net-work (FOAN). Brno:IEEE, 2015:51-55.
[5] Zhang L J, Xin X J, Liu B, et al. Physical-enhanced secure strategy in an OFDM-PON[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(3):2255-2265.
[6] Wang Q K, Tse K H, Chen L K, et al. Physical-layer network coding for VPN in TDM-PON[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(23):2166-2168.
[7] Zhang Q Y, Zhang C F, Jin W, et al. Enabled scalable and privacy WDM-RoF system based on optical virtual private networks[J]. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(6):066105.
[8] Chow C W, Yeh C H, Wang C H, et al. Demonstration of signal remod-ulation long reach carrier distributed passive optical network using OFDM-QAM signal[C]//35th European Conference on Optical Communi-cation. Vienna, Austria:VDE VERLAG, 2009:Paper 8.5.2.
[9] Zhang C F, Xiao N W, Chen C, et al. Energy-efficient orthogonal fre-quency division multiplexing-based passive optical network based on adaptive sleep-mode control and dynamic bandwidth allocation[J]. Opti-cal Engineering, 2016, 55(2):026108-026108.
[10] Wei J L, Hugues-Salas E, Giddings R P, et al. Wavelength reused bi-directional transmission of adaptively modulated optical OFDM signals in WDM-PONs incorporating SOA and RSOA intensity modulators[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(10):9791-9808.
[11] Giddings R P, Hugues-Salas E, Jin X Q, et al. Colourless real-time optical OFDM end-to-end transmission at 7.5 Gb/s over 25 km SSMF using 1 GHz RSOAs for WDM-PONs[C]//Optical Fiber Communica-tion Conference (OFC), San Diego, CA:OSA, 2010:OMS4.
[12] Hugues-Salas E, Giddings R P, Jin X Q, et al. REAM intensity modu-lator-enabled 10 Gb/s colorless upstream transmission of real-time op-tical OFDM signals in a single-fiber-based bidirectional PON archi-tecture[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(19):21089-21100.
[13] Liu B, Xin X J, Zhang L J, et al. Performance investigation and dem-onstration of colorless upstream transmission in ECDM-OFDM-PON[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(15):14542-14548.
[14] Ruffini M. Metro-access network convergence[C]//Optical Fiber Com-munication Conference (OFC), Anaheim, CA, USA:OSA, 2016:Th4B.1.
[15] Sauer M, Kobyakov A, George J. Radio over fiber for picocellular net-work architectures[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2007, 25(11):3301-3320.
[16] Yeh C, Chow C, Wu Y, et al. Performance of long-reach passive ac-cess networks using injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes with fi-nite front-facet reflectivities[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2013, 31(12):1929-1934.
[17] Xiang Y, Chen C, Zhang C F, et al. Wired wireless access integrated RoF-PON with scalable generation of multi-frequency MMWs en-abled by polarization multiplexed FWM in SOA[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(1):1218-1225.
[18] Shaneman K, Gray S. Optical network security:Technical analysis of fiber tapping mechanisms and methods for detection & prevention[C]//Military Communications Conference (MILCOM). Monterey, California, USA:IEEE, 2004:711-716.
[19] Fok M P, Wang Z, Deng Y, et al. Optical layer security in fiber-optic networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2011, 6(3):725-736.
[20] Wu B B, Narimanov E. A method for secure communications over a public fiber-optical network[J]. Optics Express, 2006, 14(9):3738-3751.
[21] Mendonca C, Lima M, Teixeira A. Security issues due to reflection in PON physical medium[C]//14th International Conference on Transpar-ent Optical Networks (ICTON). Coventry, England:IEEE, 2012,1-4.
[22] Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU. ITU-T G.983 BPON[S]. Geneva, Switzerland:ITU, 2005. Telecommunication Standard-ization Sector of ITU. ITU-T G.984 G-PON[S]. Geneva, Switzerland:ITU, 2004.
[23] IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group. IEEE P802.3ah ethernet in the first mile[S/OL]. (2004-09-10)[2016-8-16]. http://www.ieee802.org/3/.
[24] Wang Z, Fok M P, Prucnal P R. Physical encoding in optical layer se-curity[J]. Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, 2012, 83(100):83-100.
[25] Cincotti G, Wada N, Kitayama K. Secure optical bit-and block-cipher transmission using a single multiport encoder/decoder[C]//Optical Fi-ber Communication Conference (OFC). San Diego, CA, USA:OSA, 2008, 277-279.
[26] Thomas S, Wagner D. Insecurity in ATM-based passive optical net-works[C]//IEEE International Conference on Communications. New York:IEEE, 2002:2803-2805.
[27] Effenberger F, Clearly D, Haran O, et al. An introduction to PON tech-nologies[Topics in Optical Communications] [J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2007, 45(3):S17-S25.
[28] Callaway E, Gorday P, Hester L, et al. Home networking with IEEE 802.15.4:A developing standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks[J]. IEEE Communications magazine, 2002, 40(8):70-77.
[29] Kazovsky L G, Wong S W, Gudla V, et al. Challenges in next-genera-tion optical access networks:Addressing reach extension and security weaknesses[J]. IET Optoelectronics, 2011, 5(4):133-143.
[30] Teixeira A, Vieira A, Andrade J, et al. Security issues in optical net-works physical layer[C]//Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). Ath-ens, Greece:IEEE, 2008:123-126.
[31] Prucnal P R, Fok M P, Deng Y, et al. Physical layer security in fiberoptic networks using optical signal processing[C]//Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP). Shanghai:SPIE, 2009:1-10.
[32] Zhang C F, Qiu K. Experimental demonstration and analysis of securi-ty-improved optical code division multiple access networks using mul-tiple-group optical orthogonal codes[J]. Optical Engineering, 2010, 48(10):105005-105005.
[33] Seleem H, Bentrcia A, Fathallah H. A projected parallel interference cancellation for asynchronous upstream OCDMA-PON[J]. IEEE Com-munications Letters, 2012, 16(11):1721-1724.
[34] Romero-Zurita N, McLernon D, Ghogho M, et al. PHY layer security based on protected zone and artificial noise[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2013, 20(5):487-490.
[35] Cincotti G, Sacchieri V, Manzacca G, et al. Physical layer security:All-optical cryptography in access networks[C]//International Confer-ence on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). Athens, Grefce:IEEE, 2008:127-130.
[36] Hong X, Wang D, Xu L, et al. Demonstration of optical steganography transmission using temporal phase coded optical signals with spectral notch filtering[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(12):12415-12420.
[37] Zhang C F, Chen C, Zhang W, et al. Inter-BSs virtual private network for privacy and security enhanced 60 GHz radio-over-fiber system[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2013, 19(3):236-241.
[38] Jin W, Zhang C F, Chen C, et al. Scalable and reconfigurable all-opti-cal VPN for OFDM-based metro-access integrated network[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32(2):318-325.
[39] Wang Q, Tse K H, Chen L K, et al. Physical-layer network coding for VPN in TDM-PON[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(23):2166-2168.
[40] Su Y K, Tian Y, Wong E, et al. All-optical virtual private network in passive optical networks[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2008, 2(6):460-479.
[41] Zhang C F, Huang J, Chen C, et al. All-optical virtual private net-work and ONUS communication in optical OFDM-based PON system[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(24):24816-24821.
[42] Argyris A, Syvridis D, Larger L, et al. Chaos-based communication at high bit rates using commercial fibre-optic links[J]. Nature, 2005, 438(7066):343-344.
[43] Jiang N, Zhang C F, Qiu K. Secure passive optical network based on chaos synchronization[J]. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(21):4501-4503.
[44] Jiang N, Liu D, Zhang C F, et al. Modeling and simulation of chaosbased security-enhanced WDM-PON[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2013, 25(19):1912-1915.
[45] Larger L, Pesquera L, Nguimdo R M, et al. Digital key for chaos com-munication performing time delay concealment[J]. Physical Review Let-ters, 2011, 107(3):034103.
[46] Cheng M, Deng L, Gao X, et al. Security enhanced OFDM-PON using hybrid chaotic system[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2015, 27(3):326-329.
[47] Alvarez G, Li S. Some basic cryptographic requirements for chaosbased cryptosystems[J]. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 2006, 16(8):2129-2151.
[48] Zhang L, Xin X, Liu B, et al. Secure OFDM-PON based on chaos scrambling[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2011, 23(14):998-1000.
[49] Zhang W, Zhang C F, Chen C, et al. Joint PAPR reduction and physi-cal layer security enhancement in OFDMA-PON[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2016, 28(9):998-1001.
[50] Zhang L J, Liu B, Xin X J, et al. Theory and performance analyses in secure CO-OFDM transmission system based on two-dimensional per-mutation[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2013, 31(1):74-80.
[51] Jin W, Zhang C F, Zhang W, et al. Physically secured orthogonal fre-quency division multiplexing-passive optical network employing noisebased encryption and signal recovery process[J]. Optical Engineering, 2016, 55(2):026103.
[52] Zhang L J, Liu B, Xin X J. Secure optical generalized filter bank multi-carrier system based on cubic constellation masked method[J]. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(12):2711-2714.
[53] Zhang L J, Liu B, Xin X J. Secure coherent optical multi-carrier sys-tem with four-dimensional modulation space and Stokes vector scram-bling[J]. Optics Letters, 2015, 40(12):2858-2861.
[54] Deng L, Cheng M, Wang X, et al. Secure OFDM-PON system based on chaos and fractional fourier transform techniques[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32(15):2629-2635.
[55] Cheng M, Deng L, Wang X, et al. Enhanced secure strategy for OFDM-PON system by using hyperchaotic system and fractional fouri-er transformation[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2014, 6(6):1-9.
[56] Zhang W, Zhang C F, Jin W, et al. Chaos coding-based QAM IQ-en-cryption for improved security in OFDMA-PON[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2014, 26(19):1964-1967.
[57] Hu X, Yang X, Shen Z, et al. Chaos-based partial transmit sequence technique for physical layer security in OFDM-PON[J]. IEEE Photon-ics Technology Letters, 2015, 27(23):2429-2432.
[58] Korzh B, Lim C C W, Houlmann R, et al. Provably secure and practi-cal quantum key distribution over 307 km of optical fibre[J]. Nature Photonics, 2015, 9(3):163-168.
[59] Choi I, Young R J, Townsend P D. Quantum key distribution on a 10 Gb/s WDM-PON[J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(6):9600-9612.
[60] Chen C, Zhang C F, Liu D M, et al. Tunable optical frequency comb enabled scalable and cost-effective multiuser orthogonal frequency-di-vision multiple access passive optical network with source-free optical network units[J]. Optics Letters, 2012, 37(19):3954-3956.
[61] Zhang C F, Chen C, Feng Y, et al. Experimental demonstration of nov-el source-free ONUS in the bidirectional RF up-converted optical OFDM-PON utilizing polarization multiplexing[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 211(6):6230-6235.
[62] Chen C, Zhang C F, Feng Y, et al. Bidirectional radio frequency upconverted orthogonal frequency division multiple access passive opti-cal network with novel source-free optical network units using fourwave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2012, 24(24):2206-2209.
[63] Zhang C F, Feng Y, Chen C, et al. Full-duplex radio-over-fiber sys-tem with novel source-free base station using polarization multiplexing[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 2012, 9(11):814-818.
[64] Chen C, Zhang C F, Zhang W, et al. Hybrid WDM-OFDMA-PON util-ising tunable generation of flat optical comb[J]. Electronics Letters, 2013, 49(4):276-277.
[65] Zhang C F, Zhang Q Y, Wang Y, et al. Proposal for 60 GHz wireless transceiver for the radio over fiber system[J]. Optics and Laser Tech-nology, 2014, 56(2):146-150.
[66] Liu S, Shen G S, Tian H P. A 60-GHz RoF system employing vari-able step size LMS equalizer with fast convergence speed[C]//Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC). Anaheim, CA, USA:OSA, 2016:Th2A.18.
[67] Zhang C F, Chen C, Qiu K. Hybrid bidirectional radio-over-fiberbased orthogonal frequency division multiple access-passive optical network supporting 60/120 GHz using offset quadrate phase shift key-ing[J]. Optical Engineering, 2015, 54(9):096108.
[68] Carpintero G, Guzman R C, Gordon C, et al. Photonic-enabled milli-meter-wave F-band wireless link using photonic integrated circuits[C]//European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications (ECNOC). London:IEEE, 2015, 1-4.
[69] Liu W L, Li M, Guzzon R S, et al. A fully reconfigurable photonic inte-grated signal processor[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(3):190-196.
[70] Seeds A J, Shams H, Fice M J, et al. TeraHertz photonics for Wireless communications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(3):579-587.
[71] Xiang Y, Jiang N, Chen C, et al. Wired/wireless access integrated RoF-PON with scalable generation of multi-frequency MMWs en-abled by tunable optical frequency comb[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(17):19762-19767.
[72] Zhang C F, Wang L Y, Qiu K. Proposal for all-optical generation of multiple-frequency millimeter-wave signals for RoF system with multi-ple base stations using FWM in SOA[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(15):13957-13962.
[73] Zhang Q Y, Zhang C F, Chen C, et al. Multi-service access radioover-fiber system with multiple base-station groups enabled by scal-able generation of multi-frequency MMWs[J]. Optics Communications, 2014, 324:120-126.
[74] Zhang C F, Chen C, Jin W, et al. Recent progress in broadband opti-cal access networks at UESTC[J]. Acta Photonica sinica, 2014, 43(Sup-pl 1):0106001.
[75] Alves T M F, Morant M, Cartaxo A V, et al. Transmission of OFDM wired-wireless quintuple-play services along WDM LR-PONs using centralized broadband impairment compensation[J]. Optics Express, 2012, 20(13):13748-13761.
[76] Rasztovits-Wiech M, Stadler A, Gianordoli S, et al. 10/2.5 Gbps dem-onstration in extra-large PON prototype[C]//European Conference and Exhibition of Optical Communication (ECOC). Berlin, Germany:VDE VERLAG, 2007:1-2.
[77] Zhang C F, Zhang Q L, Chen C, et al. Metro-access integrated net-work based on optical OFDMA with dynamic sub-carrier allocation and power distribution[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(2):2474-2479.
[78] Ziaie S, Muga N J, Guiomar F P, et al. Experimental assessment of the adaptive stokes space-based polarization demultiplexing for opti-cal metro and access networks[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(23):4968-4974.
[79] Zhang C F, Jin W, Chen C, et al. Polarization multiplexed OFDM band interleaving enabled spectral efficient ROADM for metro-access integrated networks[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2014, 20(2):130-136.
[80] Jin W, Duan X, Dong Y X, et al. DSP-enabled flexible ROADMs with-out optical filters and O-E-O conversions[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(19):4124-4131.
[81] Kuklinski F. Programmable management framework for evolved SDN[C]//2014 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). Krakow:IEEE, 2014, 1-8.
[82] Woesner H, Fritzsche D. SDN and OpenFlow for converged access/ag-gregation networks[C]//Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC). Anaheim, CA, USA:OSA, 2013:1-3.
[83] Cvijetic N, Tanaka A, Ji P N, et al. SDN and OpenFlow for dynamic flex-grid optical access and aggregation networks[J]. Journal of Light-wave Technology, 2014, 32(4):864-870.
[84] Valcarenghi L, Kondepu K, Sgambelluri A, et al. Experimenting the in-tegration of green optical access and metro networks based on SDN[C]//201517th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). Budapest:IEEE, 2015:1-4.
[85] Ruffini M, Slyne F, Bluemm C, et al. Software defined networking for next generation converged metro-access networks[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2015, 26(A):31-41.