The paper presents a brief introduction to China's computer development and the related subject construction from the mid- 1950s. First, the paper systematically introduces the computer development history from the first generation computers using vacuum tubes to the transistor-based second generation, then to the small and medium-sized integrated circuit-based third generation, and finally to the microprocessors-based fourth generation. The domestically developed computer has made an important contribution to the national defense and scientific research, and promoted the development of computer industries. At present, many research directions of China's computer are in the forefront of the world, and some results have gained the international leading level. Meanwhile, the computer development in China presents a dynamic development trend. A series of new disciplines have been formed in China synchronously with the foreign developed countries. They are developing fast, and many of them have reached or even surpassed the international level. The paper focuses on the development of computer networks, computer security, databases, artificial intelligence, Chinese information processing, graphics & image processing, virtual reality, and human-computer interactions.