The emergency water-bag is a gadget for supplying drinking water under emergent situations. The preparation and the performance of the cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membrane and the research progress of the emergency water-bag made of the CTA membrane are studied in this paper. The water flux and the rejection performance of the heavy metal ions of the emergency water-bag are tested in the homemade water. With this CTA membrane, a FO water flux of 8.77 L/(m2·h) and Js/Jw of 0.56 g/L are obtained under a standard test condition using 0.5 mol/L NaCl as the draw solution and the deionized water as the feed. The water-bag containing the glucose solution can draw 180 g water in the water-bag from the surface water sample and this water processing capacity can meet the water demand to sustain life. The rejection rate of the heavy metal with the hydrated ion radius larger than 100 pm can reach 95%, and the concentration of Pb(II), Cr(III), and Hg(II) in the water-bag is found to be lower than the National drinking water standard (GB5749—2006). The As(III) concentration in the produced water is higher than the standard, because the radius of the hydrated As(III) is less than 65 pm. Further improvement in the FO membrane dense layer is required to remove micro-particles at a high rate.
LI Chunxia
,
ZHAO Baolong
,
SONG Jianfeng
,
LI Xuemei
,
HE Tao
. Cellulose triacetate forward osmosis membrane for emergency water-bag[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2015
, 33(14)
: 41
-45
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.14.007
[1] Cath T Y, Childress A E, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 281(1/2): 70-87.
[2] Qin J J, Lay W C L, Kekre K A. Recent developments and future challenges of forward osmosis for desalination: A review[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2012, 39 (1-3): 123-136.
[3] 李刚, 李雪梅, 柳越, 等. 正渗透原理及浓差极化现象[J]. 化学进展, 2010, 22(5): 812-820. Li Gang, Li Xuemei, Liu Yue, et al. Forward osmosisand concentration polarization[J]. Progressin Chemistry, 2010, 22(5): 812-820.
[4] Valladares L R, Li Z, Sarp S, et al. Forward osmosis niches in seawater desalination and wastewater reuse[J]. Water Research, 2014, 66: 122- 139.
[5] Li X M, Zhao B L, Wang Z W, et al. Water reclamation from shale gas drilling flow-back fluid using a novel forward osmosis-vacuum membrane distillation hybrid system[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2014, 69 (5): 1036-1044.
[6] Shaffer D L, Werber J R, Jaramillo H, et al. Forward osmosis: Where are we now[J]. Desalination, 2015, 356: 271-284.
[7] Lutchmiah K, Verliefde A R D, Roest K, et al. Forward osmosis for application in wastewater treatment: A review[J]. Water Research, 2014, 58: 179-197.
[8] Xue W, Tobino T, Nakajima F, et al. Seawater-driven forward osmosis for enriching nitrogen and phosphorous in treated municipal wastewater: Effect of membrane properties and feed solution chemistry[J]. Water Research, 2015, 69: 120-130.
[9] Dong Y, Wang Z, Zhu C, et al. A forward osmosis membrane system for the post- treatment of MBR- treated landfill leachate[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 471: 192-200
[10] Talaei S, Fujii Y, Truffer F, et al. Forward osmosis in a portable device for automatic osmolality adjustment of environmental water samples evaluated by cell-based biosensors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 454: 470-477.
[11] Petrotos K B, Lazarides H N. Osmotic concentration of liquid foods[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2001, 49(2/3): 201-206.
[12] Sant'Anna V, Marczak L D F, Tessaro I C. Membrane concentration of liquid foods by forward osmosis: Process and quality view[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2012, 111(3): 483-489.
[13] Herrlich S, Spieth S, Messner S, et al. Osmotic micropumps for drug delivery[J]. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2012, 64(14): 1617- 1627.
[14] Padma priya S R V, Suba V. A review on osmotic drug delivery system[J]. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2013, 4(3): 810-821.
[15] Talaat K M. Forward osmosis process for dialysis fluid regeneration[M]. Malden: Blackwell Publishing Inc, 2009, 1133-1135.
[16] Phuntsho S, Shon H K, Hong S, et al. A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 375(1/2): 172-181.
[17] Shaffer D L, Yip N Y, Gilron J, et al. Seawater desalination for agriculture by integrated forward and reverse osmosis: Improved product water quality for potentially less energy[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 415: 1-8.
[18] HerronJ.Asymmetricforwardosmosismembranes[P].2008:US7445712.
[19] Li G, Li X M, He T, et al. Cellulose triacetate forward osmosis membranes: Preparation and characterization[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013, 51(13-15): 2656-2665.
[20] Speight J G. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry[M]. New York: McGraw- Hill Professional Publishing, 2004.
