点火和稳定燃烧是燃烧学研究中重要的问题之一。等离子体不仅能加热气流,而且非平衡等离子体还会产生大量化学活性物质如处于激发态的分子和自由基,可以实现大范围点火、减小点火延迟、改善火焰稳定性、拓宽可燃极限等。近年来,等离子体点火和助燃成为国际上应用基础研究领域中颇受关注的一个研究方向。俄罗斯在等离子体点火和辅助燃烧方面研究一直保持国际领先水平,开展了大量开创性工作,引领了等离子体点火和助燃的发展方向。对中国科研工作者来说学习借鉴俄罗斯在该领域的研究无疑大有裨益。文中介绍了俄罗斯在等离子体点火和助燃方面的研究进展,以及相关的研究机构和出版的刊物,以便于中国的科研工作者与俄罗斯同行开展国际合作与学术交流。

The ignition and the stable combustion provide two critical points in the combustion studies and applications. With the plasma actuation, not only the gas flow is heated, but also a large quantities of chemical substances are produced by the non-equilibrium plasma, such as the excited molecules and free radicals, which could be used to realize a wide range of ignition, to reduce the ignition delay, to improve the stability of the flame and to expand flammable limits together with other advantages. A great amount of experiments and numerical simulations were carried out in Russia. This paper reviews the data available and discusses their treatments. Some conclusions on the main achievements and prospects of the future investigations in this field are made. The results definitely confirm that the field of the plasma ignition and the plasma-assisted combustion is highly promising for a number of industrial applications.