维修性设计是工程机械研究阶段必须开展的一项重要工程活动,而维修性设计要求的提出与确定又是后续各项维修性工作的前提与基础。简要介绍了质量功能展开(QFD)方法,重点论述了质量屋(HoQ)的基本构成;探讨了基于QFD的工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程,主要包括提出客户维修需求、确定维修需求权重、提出维修性设计指标、构造设计指标关系矩阵、构造设计指标——维修需求关系矩阵和得出维修性设计指标权重矩阵6个步骤。最后,通过运用该方法对某型推土机维修性设计要求进行了分析,得出了其维修性设计指标重要度排序依次为拆装性、模块化、标准化、简易化、可达性和易识别性。结果表明,引入QFD方法对工程机械维修性设计要求进行分析,在分析过程中将定性分析与定量研究有机结合起来,能够解决工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程中的复杂性与不确定性问题,并得出对维修性设计要求的有效评价,具有很高的实用价值。

The design for maintainability is important in the construction machinery, and the identification of the design requirements of construction machinery maintainability is the pre-requirement. Firstly, the paper briefly discusses the QFD method, especially, the basic makeup of HoQ. Secondly, the analysis process of the design requirements of construction machinery maintainability based on QFD is discussed, mainly including six steps: analyzing the clients' maintainable requirements, evaluating the weight of each requirement, determining the design index of maintainability, constructing the design index matrix, constructing the design index and maintainable requirements matrix, and forming the design index weight matrix of maintainability. Lastly, through analyzing the design requirements of one bulldozer maintainability based QFD, the importance sequence of maintainability design indexes is obtained, as in the order: the disassembly-assembly character, the modularization, the standardization, the compactness, the accessability and the easiness to identify. It is shown that the analysis of design requirements of construction machinery maintainability based on QFD can effectively solve the problems of complexity and uncertainty in the analysis process and evaluate the design requirements of maintainability by integrating qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, with a high practical value.