20世纪50年代末至70年代末是世界高性能碳纤维技术的快速发展期。本文梳理了这一时期高性能碳纤维技术的发展史；综述了美、日、英3国的3个企业、2个研究机构与5位科学家的关键技术贡献；运用态势分析方法，从科学研究、工业基础和发展环境3个方面，分析了美、日、英3国发展高性能碳纤维产业的关键成功因素，阐述了其产业结局不同的成因。
In more than 20 years from late 1950s to 1970s, the technology of high performance carbon fibers developed fast. Scientists of US, Japan and UK discovered "graphite whisker" and its characteristic of super high strength and invented the technologies for producing rayon-based, PAN-based, pitch-based as well as mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers. This paper combs the R&D history at that time, summarizes the critical technological contributions by two research institutions, and introduces fives scientists and three companies from. US, Japan, and UK. Then the paper uses the SWOT model to analyze their successful factors (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat) in R&D, industrial base, and developmental environment of this field. Finally, it comparatively studies the three counties' industries for high performance carbon fibers. The lessons learned from the three countries can be valuable for those who concern the development of China's domestic industry of high performance carbon fibers.
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