靶机是一种用于模拟空中机动目标的军用飞行器，在对空武器的研制、检验及部队的战训等方面具有非常重要的作用。经过近半个世纪的发展，中国已研制开发了覆盖低空、低速到高空、高速的各型靶机，在靶机总体及其飞行控制技术等领域取得了显著的进步。本文系统回顾了无人靶机及其控制技术的发展历程，深入分析了靶机的类型、自主控制的主要内容，并对新一代靶机总体及飞行控制的发展趋势进行展望。
Target drones are a type of military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used for simulating target characteristics in the air, which play an important role in both developing and testing of anti-air weapons, as well as training of anti-aircraft crews. After nearly half a century of development, China has developed a large array of aerial targets from low-altitude, low-speed to high-altitude, high-speed types, and achieved a great deal of success in the field of flight control technologies. This paper carries out a systemic study about the development of target drones and associated flight control technologies. Particularly, the main features for different types of target drones are discussed, and the development trend of new generation of flight control techniques are introduced in detail. The paper provides a reference for understanding drone technology at home and abroad of the status quo and development trends.
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