The epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system, and its pathogenesis is very complex. In recent years, studies of the pathogenesis of the epilepsy have shown that the occurrence of the epilepsy is closely related to the ion channels, the neurotransmitters, the synaptic connections, the neurovascular units and the glial cells. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of the epilepsy and the theoretical basis for the diagnosis, the prevention and the treatment of the epilepsy.
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