如何安全处置高水平放射性废物是科学、技术和工程界面临的挑战性问题。本文介绍高放废物的安全处置方法，废物质处置地下实验室的建设及其实验进展，重点讨论了高放废物地质处置中，处置库场址地质演化的精确预测、深部地质环境特征、多场耦合条件下（中高温、地壳应力、水力作用、化学作用、生物作用和辐射作用等）深部岩体、地下水和工程材料的行为、低浓度超铀放射性核素的地球化学行为与随地下水迁移行为、处置系统的安全评价等关键科学问题。

The safe disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific，technological and engineering communities. This paper reviews the latest progress of high level radioactive waste disposal programs，with focus on the progress in underground research laboratories, including the following key scientific issues: the precise prediction of the evolution of a repository site, the characteristics of deep geological environment, the behaviour of deep rock mass, groundwater and engineering materials under coupled conditions (intermediate to high temperature, geostress, hydraulic, chemical, biological and radiation process), the geochemical behaviour of transuranic radionuclides with low concentration and their migration with groundwater, and the safety assessment of the disposal system.