细胞是构成人体结构和功能的基本单位，一个成年人体内有40万亿到60万亿个细胞。这些细胞可以被分成大约200多种，不同种类的细胞具有不同的功能。比如，骨骼肌细胞可以通过肌丝滑动导致细胞的伸缩和舒张，从而完成人体的躯体运动；神经细胞可以通过神经纤维上顺序发生电化学变化从而传递神经信号；表皮细胞可以通过角质化的发生，对酸、碱和摩擦产生一定抵抗能力。
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