纳米材料的功能化修饰构成了现代纳米技术的重要组成部分。作为纳米材料的成员之一,碳纳米管不易分散或溶解于任何溶剂。为了改善碳纳米管的分散/溶解性能,对其进行必要的化学修饰是可行的途径。构成碳纳米管的芳香性碳-碳双键是其功能化修饰主体。利用有机化学碳-碳双键反应的基本理论知识,能指导碳纳米管的修饰,并可预测碳纳米管的形貌及电子性能改变规律。而碳纳米管的功能化修饰成果,也有助于增强难溶有机化合物的碳-碳双键反应特性和规律的理论基础。本文从近年的科研成果出发,从结构-性能角度深入探讨了不同修饰方法对碳纳米管形貌及结构的影响。基于碳-碳双键的加成反应有效保持了原始碳纳米管的形貌,更有利于修饰碳纳米管的广泛应用。

Functionalization of nano materials consists of one of the important parts for modern nanometer technology. As a member of the nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes are not soluble/ dispersive in any solbent. In order to improve the dispersion/solubility performance of carbon nanotubes, usually chemical functionalization is the most effective way. The aromatic C—C bonds are the main groups that could be modified. For guiding the functionalization of carbon nanotubes and for pre-determining morphology changes and electronic performances transformation during the functionalization procedure, the theory of aromatic C—C bond reactions in organic chemistry should be well utilized. The results obtaining from carbon nanotubes modification could promote the comprehension for the reaction characteristics of C—C double bonds of the insoluble compounds. Based on the scientific research result in recent years, the effects of different functionalization methods on carbon nanotubes' morphologies and structures are discussed from a structure-performance view. C—C double bond of carbon nanotubes could carry out addition reactions, keeping their original morphologies; therefore the functionalized carbon nanotubes are able to find their wider applications.